He was a founder and the long-time chairman of the National States' Rights Party as well as the publisher of its newsletter, The Thunderbolt. six grooves with a right twist. The cells that I was associated with in Cleveland were continually being asked to raise funds for Martin Luther Kings activities. She also said, Mr. James Earl Ray, (born March 10, 1928, Alton, Illinois, U.S.died April 23, 1998, Nashville, Tennessee), American assassin of the African American civil-rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. Ray had been a small-time crook, a robber of gas stations and stores, who had served time in prison, once in Illinois and twice in Missouri, and received a suspended sentence in Los Angeles. Each year, the third Monday in January is a celebration to commemorate the life and accomplishments of Martin Luther King Jr., the tireless civil rights activist who was gunned down in Memphis, TN, in 1968. Ostensibly only a New York City attorney and businessman, Levison is, in fact, a shrewd, dedicated communist. Benny and I studied programming together, and in 1966 we worked in the programming office together. and chemically, revealed the presence of lead from a disintegrating Two weeks later, after Kennedy had been slain in Dallas, Milteer told the same informant, "everything ran true to form," and the right wing was in the clear because Lee Harvey Oswald . The same NSRP member said there were plans to kill Martin Luther King. Stoner certainly wasnt the only radical white supremacist running around, however-just the best known. Whether anybody helped him indirectly has yet to be determined. Just once, he was caught with three packs of cigarettes, a pound of coffee and a ballpoint pen. If you saw the movie Boyz n the Hood, that was the way I grew up. That investigation declassified scores of memos detailing the bureaus abusive behavior, but did not reveal any evidence that the FBI had formally plotted his death. Ten years after his death, Rays brother John Larry Ray wrote a book along with writer Lyndon Barsten called Truth At Last: The Untold Story Behind James Earl Ray and the Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. All the seven prisoners who escaped from the prison were recaptured within two days and sent back to the prison. There were always convict clerks assigned to the reception area, and the fingerprints could have been switched--either because Ray had paid someone to do it, or, just as likely, because some convict wanted to help Ray beat the system. Therefore, I challenge your authority to hear it. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Each day he would go to the state capital to work as a programmer. The date was November 9, 1963. I've always had trouble accepting Ray as an assassin. January 30, 1961. The damage to Dr. King's clothing, when tested microscopically Those who express skepticism at the results of the 1999 trial in which James Earl Ray was found innocent of assassinating King have an incredible hurdle to overcome the belief of the King family, which sides with Ray. He made the FBI Most Wanted List before his recapture. The verdict in King vs. Jowers found a government conspiracy involving city, state, and federal agents complicit in the murder. James Earl Ray lowers his head as State Safety commissioner Greg O'Rear, white hat, and Highway Patrol Maj. Mickey McGuire, dark glasses, lead him to prison in Nashville, Tenn., March 11, 1969. He got a 99-year prison sentence, which he served until he died of liver failure due to hepatitis C on . James Earl Ray was white. it near 424 South Main Street, It is highly probable that James Earl Ray stalked Dr. King for a "Somebody's gotta get him.". I went to Memphis to deliver a rifle to this man called Raoul, Ray told me. Page 388 also a racist, was allegedly connected with the late Leander Perez, Louisiana political boss and virulent segregationist. On April 4, 1967 a year to the day prior to Kings assassination King delivered his Beyond Vietnam speech at Riverside Baptist Church in New York City. James Earl Ray pleaded guilty to killing Dr. King; he challenged the plea and failed. Said Byrd: Yesterday, Mr. President, the Nation was given a preview of what may be in store for this city by the outrageous and despicable riot that Martin Luther King helped to bring about in Memphis, Tenn. The next section of the FBI paper was subheaded Strong Communist Influence. It pulled no punches in stating: Another complicating factor in the picture is the degree of communist influence on King. Christopher S. Bond (now U.S. James Earl Ray From the viewpoint of a man who served time with Ray in prison, then went on to become a journalist, . A year before, hed escaped from Missouri State Penitentiary while serving a 20-year sentence, and was on the lam at the time King was shot. A staunch segregationist, Earl Ray could not stomach the integration policies of King. When, without warning, Ray was allowed to plead guilty and was sentenced to 99 years, without a public trial, millions of people suspected a cover-up. He was a democrat. No one else I knew did either. Manhunt in the mountains: James Earl Ray and the Brushy Mountain Prison breakout of 1977, How The Tennessean covered Martin Luther King Jr.'s death in its pages, Your California Privacy Rights / Privacy Policy. King was shot by Earl Ray when the former was standing in the balcony of his motel room. In the early 1990s, he started suggesting that the government might be behind the assassination. They would rather ignore the facts than become disillusioned. Back in Memphis, Ray pleaded guilty, forfeiting a trial, and was sentenced to 99 years in prison. Although Benny was eventually released from prison and returned to work for the engineering firm he'd been employed by at the time of his arrest in Canada, interest in him by then had died out, and the book was never published. James Earl Ray (born 1965) is listed at 42036 Queen Anne Ct Northville, Mi 48167 and has no known political party affiliation. Along with the rifle, he also bought a 2X-7X scope to aim the target well. Riots erupted in Memphis; one person was killed and sixty were injured. Indeed, a former agent from the FBIs field office in Atlanta said the bureaus tracking of King was second only to the way they went after Jimmy Hoffa. In 1975, a group of former FBI agents called on Congress to investigate this harrassment. It seems clear to me that there was a conspiracy to murder King, and that James Earl Ray was involved. A mock trial of Ray in which he was represented by Dr. William Pepper was later telecast on TV to criticize the government for denying him the trial. the result of a conspiracy that involved Jowers, not Ray, as well as ''others, including governmental agencies. The Committee Believes, on the Basis of the Circumstantial Evidence Available to it, that there is a Likelihood that James Earl Ray Assassinated Dr. Martin Luther King, JR., as a Result of a Conspiracy. Westberg was warned, and hurriedly got out of the box, which was then filled with bread. The New Times article also asserted that Jerry Ray, if he were involved, might have been duped himself-might have thought he was setting up something other than an assassination. and other allegedly exculpatory evidence are not worthy of belief. Then other inmates would blame Don for Ray's capture. As President Ronal Reagan once wrote to former New Hampshire Governor Meldrim Thomson, who had sent a letter to Reagan urging the president not to sign the bill for a holiday honoring King, On the national holiday you mentioned, I have the reservations you have, but here the perception of too many people is based on an image, not reality. Could Chinas Petroyuan Give Rise to a New World Energy Order? Most recently, after Ray's death in . Ray, a hardened thief, robber and a sometimes-moody liar, assassinated the Rev. In 1967, he returned to the United States (Los Angeles) from Mexico and took dancing classes in a bartending school. As an indication of just how much Robert Welch, the Founder of The John Birch Society, was on top of Kings communist connection, he wrote the following words for May 1968 John Birch Society Bulletin just two months after the FBI report, which had been classified as secret: During this career of a brief dozen years, [King] was constantly surrounded by, and associated with, Communists. in the Q2 rifle. McMillans false scenarios portray Ray as a rabid racist in prison. "[11], Responding to a bar discipline complaint filed regarding the contempt incident, Brown declared himself unable to adequately defend himself as a result of health issues including type II diabetes, hypertension, and stress. A consequence of Kings alleged involvement in those riots was that it caught the attention of some powerful politicians. In that atmosphere, escape became almost impossible. Ray believed in white supremacy and had strong prejudice against the black people. It's a seductive thought. I don't recall that your name's ever been submitted, sir. . He is a male registered to vote in Wayne County, Michigan. But Westberg had been told that the guard did not open the bread box. [4] While on the bench he was known for his sometimes unusual sentences, such as, sentencing a child molester to confess to his church congregation and ordering a drug trafficker to apologize in a newspaper letter.[5]. The Q2 rifle-had general class characteristics of six lands and There are records of Ray receiving plastic surgery in Los Angeles about a month before Kings murder in Memphis. Warden Swenson of the Jeff City prison immediately issued an edict that convicts could no longer correspond with editors. It wasn't until November 9, 1970--years after Ray escaped from Jefferson City--that inmates were allowed to purchase small black-and-white television sets, which they could keep in their cells. James Earl Ray was an American assassin convicted for the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. After his conviction, he spent all his life in prison. On the night of April 4, 1968 50 years ago now James Earl Ray killed the Rev. Hunter Pitts ODell, former National Committee member of the CPUSA, was employed by SCLC. This list details the strange, unstable life of James Earl Ray, a man who confessed to and then spent his life denyingthe murder of Martin Luther King Jr. On March 28th, riots took place in Memphis and King was present; on March 29th, Democrat Senator Byrd threw down the gauntlet with Democrat president Lyndon Baines Johnson by delivering a fiery speech on the Senate Floor intended to get the president to stop Kings march; Johnson announced on March 31st that he would not seek reelection; a bullet would take the life of King days later on April 4th, one year to the day after delivering what many viewed as an incendiary speech at the time. [18][24][25], This article is about the person. This is the real thing and as an officer of the court he should have known better. Undercover Agent, was an undercover agent for the FBI in the Cleveland area. Senator in Robert Byrd. UN Pushing New Age Spirituality on Schoolchildren, Arizona Poised to Make Pledge of Allegiance Mandatory in Schools. In the year 1959, he was caught stealing $120 from a Kroger Store in St. Louis. In the meantime James Earl Ray had also heard about the bread box, probably through Westberg. For some 50 years, the federal. Simpson was found guilty of killing his wife Nicole and Ron Goldman in a civil trial. [3], After graduating from law school, Brown moved to Memphis, Tennessee to work as an attorney for the Legal Services Corporation. Under the sub-head Communist Exposed, the paper went on to reveal more about ODell: King was forced to get rid of Hunter Pitts ODell in October, 1962, when several newspaper articles exposed ODells connection with SCLC and his communist affiliations. He told the clerks at the Aeromarine Supply Company in Brimingham, Alabama (from where he brought the rifle) that he was going on a hunting trip with his brother. I watched my parents tough it out on a daily basis, and I saw that what really kept them going was making a difference to others. The 20-page paper, which was classified as secret, was reviewed by the FBI/JFK Task Force in 1994, which denied the release of its contents. Meanwhile, William Bradford Huie, gathering information for his book, They Slew The Dreamer, had taken an interest in George Ben Edmondson. Because of the 1959 incident, Jerry had so much heat on him that if the guards lost sight of him for even a few minutes, they panicked. So, even if I conceded the possibility that Ray had sold drugs, it would have been in small quantities, and for a brief period of time. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. But, having tried to escape from the maximum-security prison, we both had joined a small list of convicts who would be watched at all times by the guards. According to Harding, King had already severely angered Johnson by delivering that speech, which could have made Johnson quite receptive to Byrds sentiment. His perceived inability to deal successfully with those problems led to an overwhelming defeat in his bid for reelection. The facts tend to be the same, G. Robert Blakey, a law professor at Notre Dame University, told me on April 8, 1998 during an interview as I worked as a columnist for The Tennessean. Whatever noble goals King proclaimed, the subversive company he chose to keep severely neutralizes any good he may have aspired to and creates serious doubts about the sincerity of his stated mission. The project, while stopping short of violent riots, nevertheless advocated widespread civil disobedience (a nonviolent, but nevertheless illegal activity) that King said he and 3,000 of his followers planned on staging in Washington that spring. The shot that killed Dr. King was fired from the bathroom window at the He was named after the church where his father held his first pastorate. ), where he secured a second Canadian passport (May 16), and back to London (May 17?). Martin Luther King Jr. James Earl Ray, an escaped American convict, is arrested in London, England, and charged with the assassination of African American civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. On April 4,. He is the one who sits in leadership and is the most powerful person of a country. Most of my friends were people I'd known in reform school, or people I'd met through them. Lee Harvey Oswald James Earl Ray Sirhan Sirhan . In no uncertain terms, Byrd was calling on Johnson to stop Kings march on D.C. Stoner had trouble getting into the case, however, because no mainstream lawyer wanted anything to do with him. In March 2014, Brown was arrested in Memphis, Tennessee, and charged with five counts of contempt of court and getting "verbally abusive" during a child support case overseen by Magistrate Harold Horne. Julia Brown, author of I Testify: My Years as an F.B.I. He began to call him Martin "Lucifer" King and Martin Luther "Coon." There were half a dozen guys who rented magazines, and they hawked their wares by the yard shack (a small rock building where the guards stayed). After his escape, Early Ray was continuously on the move and travelled across USA, Canada, and Mexico. A member of the Republican Party, White was first elected in District 12 in 2010, which then included Angelina, San Jacinto, Trinity, and Tyler counties.He left office on August 11, 2022. Its not clear when Coretta Scott King, widow of King, began to believe in Rays innocence. The 12-person jury verdict unanimous exonerated the "patsy" James Earl Ray for any role in the assassination of MLK. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In the five decades since Martin Luther King Jr.was shot dead by an assassin at age 39, his children have worked tirelessly to preserve his legacy, sometimes with sharply different views on how best to do that, an article in the March 30 Washington Post said. Further information about this communist was found in the book, Its Very Simple: The True Story of Civil Rights, by the late author and speaker Alan Stang. Senator) that an investigation be conducted into the allegations. Ray said he wasnt in the room when King was shot, but he was unable to consistently explain where he had been, or keep other important details in his story straight. Updates? It was even rumored that on the second attempt he'd gotten tired of hiding out, and had deliberately set off an alarm so he could get caught and get something to eat. Stoner had trouble getting into the case, however . The verdict did convict Loyd Jowers and "other parties known and unknown" for their parts in the vast US government conspiracy to assassinate King. According to press accounts, Brown became combative and irate after Horne refused to discuss details of the case that were not on the schedule. He believed that King was a serious threat to the dominance of white people in the USA and wanted to stop him through any means. Ray left school when he was just fifteen due to his familys financial condition. Brown then said, "OK, OK, I'll tell you what. In my many discussions with people such as Laster, Westberg and Davis on the subject of escape--and how to avoid capture afterward--no one mentioned that method.). In an article in The New American back in 1999, John F. McManus, former publisher of this magazine and president emeritus of The John Birch Society, provided further detail about ODell association with King: In 1960, King hired one Hunter Pitts ODell to his staff. Between 1998 and 2000, the Department of Justice investigated Jowers claims and the evidence in the civil trial, and concluded that Jowerss claims werent credible. Yes, the President is part of the political party. Milteer, a Stoner associate, as he discussed NSRP plans with a Miami police informer. Simpson was found guilty of killing his wife Nicole and Ron Goldman - in a civil trial. "Excuse me, on what authority do you sit by the way? As a reporter and columnist for this newspaper, I had the chance to interview the incarcerated Ray numerous times before his death on April 23, 1998. Each day the prison's bakery would bake enough bread to feed not only the 2,300 men at Jeff City, but also the convicts housed at Church Farm and Renz Farm (two satellite honor farms, where most of the prison's food was grown and raised). Just before Ray's escape from Jeff City he was visited by his brother. Although Ray had two attempted escapes on his record, he did not have nearly as much heat on him as Westberg. Westberg was the first to learn that the bread box wasn't searched. After this, Ray was on the run and was captured in the UK. Jerry was returned to solitary in 1963 for making zip-guns, and a few days later I was put in B-Basement on suspicion of stabbing an inmate who'd volunteered to help the guards search the Tag Plant for the rest of the zip-guns, which were never found. It would later be learned that Ray's classification card contained erroneous fingerprints, which were initially distributed nationally. He admitted to staying at the rooming house from where authorities said the bullet that struck Rev. In March 2014, Brown won the Democratic primary for the position of Shelby County district attorney. But they are unanimous on one key point: James Earl Ray did not kill Martin Luther King.. Jerry Ray had moved in with Stoner, and shot an intruder who broke into Stoner's office which was in the same building as the living quarters. But within Martin Luther Kings family, there remains a persistent belief that Ray is innocent, and was set up to take the fall. Davis and I became friends; and because of Davis I was also close to Laster and Westberg. The jury was clearly convinced by the extensive evidence that was presented during the trial that, in addition to Mr. Jowers, the conspiracy of the Mafia, local, state and federal government agencies, were deeply involved in the assassination of my husband.. Guys told me he would hound you relentlessly if you owed him a quarter, but he wouldn't threaten you with violence. Very few conservatives are aware of the pledge's socialist origins. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Therefore, ironically, the society that King intended to bear the cost for his civil disobedience was to be ablack society. Stoner is one of the most investigated people in America. The Q64 bullet was a .30-06 caliber bullet of Remington-Peters manufacture. He was unable to give me any specifics but just responded that "it was common knowledge.". I wholeheartedly applaud the verdict of the jury and I feel that justice has been well served in their deliberations, she said. . He knew we viewed Ray as a not-too-bright hillbilly. Top of Page [22] He was released from protective custody at the Shelby County Corrections Facility the morning of September 1, 2015. Unfortunately, the scene described by McMillan could not have happened. His law license was entered on the disability inactive list (suspending his ability to practice law in Tennessee), and the discipline case was placed on indefinite hold until such a time as Brown is healthy enough to face the complaint. people lost faith in the political system. He was of Irish, Scots, and Welsh ancestry. On January 26, 1976, Time magazine devoted four pages to the King assassination, drawing heavily on material from McMillan's book, which was scheduled for publication later that year: In 1963 and 1964 Martin Luther King was on TV almost every day, talking defiantly about how black people were going to get their rights, insisting that they would accept with nonviolence all the terrible violence that white people were inflicting on them, until the day of victory arrived, until they did overcome. In 1977, New Times magazine suggested that Jerry Ray and "Raoul" were one and the same. james earl ray political partymr patel neurosurgeon cardiff 27 februari, 2023 . [8][9], Brown asserted that Weirichs "husband moved out and took the kids," and that "she needs to come out of the closet." [6] It was during this time that Brown caught the attention of the producers of Judge Judy. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration My review took issue with many assumptions in the book, such as those centering on Ray's involvement with drugs in prison, and how he escaped from Jefferson City. Kershaw made Ray to take a polygraph test as part of an interview with Playboy. He guided King in deciding whether to accept or reject public appearances. He said that another person he met in Canada by the name Raoul was the actual person who plotted the murder and ultimately pulled the trigger. The massive publicity surrounding Benny's capture caused Gold Medal Books to contact him and ask him to write 20,000 words of autobiographical data, so they could bring out an "instant" paperback book about him. Ray replied that he did not commit the crime. One week prior to Kings assassination on April 4, 1968 he had gone to Memphis to show support for local sanitation workers. Anyone who remembers the looks on their faces, their resolve and their anger would have to concede that it would have required nothing short of cold hard facts. The first time I saw James Earl Ray, he had just arrived at the Missouri State Penitentiary in Jefferson City. After his capture, his sentence was extended by one more year to 100 years. Brown later worked for the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. On the night of the shooting, I had left the rifle with Raoul.. That is why he could never have been a major drug dealer. He might have eked out enough money to meet his basic needs (he didn't smoke), but not much more than that. Westberg, in turn, liked James Earl Ray. Ray, although not personally motivated by racism, comes from a rural background where blacks are not highly regarded. Ray was never that type. Who Was James Earl Ray? In the course of our conversation, I pressed him for details regarding drug sales or any other illegal activities in which staff and/or inmates might have been involved. In the 1960s John Larry Ray (another brother) owned a tavern in St. Louis, and that tavern was an unofficial headquarters for the Wallace for President campaign. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! While attending law school, Brown worked as a substitute teacher. But it turned out that rather than discharging this key Red, he had transferred and promoted ODell to a higher post within Kings Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Since retiring from the staff several years ago, he has been a regular contributor to the magazine. Stoner is the following: Over the years, state and federal authorities have come to suspect that Stoner's violent rhetoric cannot be dismissed merely as fascist ravings. Weeks before Kennedy was killed an informant quoted an NSRP member saying it would happen, and providing details that coincide with what did happen in Dallas. Read More:How The Tennessean covered Martin Luther King Jr.'s death in its pages. The 20-page paper, which was classified as. A two month long manhunt spanning five countries was launched by the law enforcement agencies to nab him. The only thing publicity could do was further humiliate them. He said not knowing the truth about his fathers assassination had been painful for the family. King's killing sent shock waves through American society at the time, and is still regarded as a landmark. Ray pleaded guilty to murder and was sentenced to 99 years in prison. While he was still in Los Angeles, Ray had the desire to immigrate to Rhodesia (now called Zimbabwe) where a white minority regime declared independence from England in the year 1965. assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.: The assassin: James Earl Ray, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Earl-Ray, James Earl Ray - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Wardens and guards know that an escape artist is a threat to their livelihood; more guards and wardens have lost their jobs because of escapes than for any other reason. Westberg once described Ray to me as, "Kind of countryfied, but he's okay." (Benny had taken two years of civil engineering in college.). Brown was thrust into the national spotlight while presiding over James Earl Ray's last appeal of his conviction for the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. Brown was removed from the reopened investigation of King's murder due to alleged bias. 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