The diggings were located in an area of vague boundaries and disputed land ownership. The Union of South Africa came to an end after a referendum on 5 October 1960, in which a majority of white South Africans voted in favour of unilateral withdrawal from the British Commonwealth and the establishment of a Republic of South Africa. [109] In 1895 there was an investment boom in Witwatersrand gold-mining shares. The official statistics of blacks killed in action are inaccurate. [175][176], In early-November 1975, immediately after Portugal granted independence to its former African colony of Angola, civil war broke out between the rival UNITA and MPLA movements. [77][78] To European settlers in Southern Africa, the same form of tribute was believed to constitute purchase and permanent ownership of the land under independent authority. In 1828 Shaka was killed by his half-brothers Dingaan and Umhlangana. The country became a fully sovereign nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. Initially, a period of strong economic growth and social development ensued. Lerato (Southern African origin), meaning "love" in Sotho, pronounced LE-raa-too. 29. There is also a Jat tribe with the same name. Ledwaba Southern African, South African, Zulu From Zulu meaning "rock". [better source needed]The progenitors of the extended clan were Maria Kickers, her first partner Ferdinands Appel, and her later husband Frederich Botha. Retief Afrikaans Afrikaans form of Rtif. A local trader Dick King and his servant Ndongeni, who later became folk heroes, were able to escape the blockade and ride to Grahamstown, a distance of 600km (372.82 miles) in 14 days to raise British reinforcements. The uprising spread throughout the country. Most Popular African Last Names on FamilyEducation: Ba, Ballo, Dial, First Trimester To-Do List: Take Care of Yourself. To Moshoeshoe the BaSotho chieftain from Lesotho, it was customary tribute in the form of horses and cattle represented acceptance of land use under his authority. Introduction: South Africa has a unique history of apartheid that has had significant implications on economic and social policies. The effectiveness of the police in foiling the planned coup strengthened public perceptions that the post-1994 democratic order was irreversible. [116] The conflict ended almost as soon as it began with a decisive Boer victory at Battle of Majuba Hill (27 February 1881). The commission charged by agents was the same as the payment for one slave, thus those settlers only claiming for one slave would receive nothing. The oldest is Little Foot, a collection of footbones of an unknown hominid between 2.2 and 3.3 million years old, discovered at Sterkfontein by Ronald J. Clarke. Means "gratitude" in Sotho. BP Willan, "The South African Native Labour Contingent, 19161918". Tau m Southern African, Tswana, Sotho. [211] As the culmination of mounting local and international opposition to apartheid in the 1980s, including the armed struggle, widespread civil unrest, economic and cultural sanctions by the international community, and pressure from the anti-apartheid movement around the world, State President F. W. de Klerk announced the lifting of the ban on the African National Congress, the Pan Africanist Congress and the South African Communist Party, as well as the release of political prisoner Nelson Mandela on 2 February 1990, after twenty-seven years in prison. 28. "Frontier Settlement in Early Dutch South Africa,". Following the defeat of the Boers in the AngloBoer or South African War (18991902), the Union of South Africa was created as a self-governing dominion of the British Empire on 31 May 1910 in terms of the South Africa Act 1909, which amalgamated the four previously separate British colonies: Cape Colony, Colony of Natal, Transvaal Colony, and Orange River Colony. [97] No material benefits accrued to the Griquas as a result of either colonisation or annexation; they did not receive any share of the diamond wealth generated at Kimberley. The Cape nonetheless remained nominally part of the British Empire, even though it was self-governing in practice. The stat was also shown on television, which . [52], The South African Republic (Dutch: Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek or ZAR, not to be confused with the much later Republic of South Africa), is often referred to as The Transvaal and sometimes as the Republic of Transvaal. [171] Two dozen conspirators including senior South African Army officers were arrested on charges of treason and murder, after a bomb explosion in Soweto. The General Assembly had already suspended South Africa from the UN organisation on 12 November 1974. Meanwhile, the British, who viewed their defeat at Majuba as an aberration, forged ahead with their desire to federate the Southern African colonies and republics. [189], Both South Africa and Cuba claimed victory at the decisive battle of Cuito Cuanavale, which have been described as "the fiercest in Africa since World War II". [225] The migrant labour system was identified as a primary cause of the unrest. The Battle of Delville Wood and the sinking of the SS Mendi being the greatest single incidents of loss of life. His impis (warrior regiments) were rigorously disciplined: failure in battle meant death.[46]. [191] South African involvement in Angola ended formally after the signing of a United Nations-brokered agreement known as the New York Accords between the governments of Angola, Cuba and South Africa, resulting in the withdrawal of all foreign troops from Angola and also South Africa's withdrawal from South West Africa (now Namibia), which the UN regarded as illegally occupied since 1966. [200] The Truth and Reconciliation Commission noted in 2003 that, despite the ANC's stated policy of attacking only military and police targets, "the majority of casualties of MK operations were civilians. Nineteenth-Century Contests For Land In South Africa's Caledon Valley And The Invention Of The Mfecane", "First Indian workers arrive in South Africa | South African History Online", "Crossing the Kala Pani: cause for "Celebration" or "Commemoration" 150 years on? The descendants of unions between the Dutch settlers and the Khoi-San and Malay slaves became known officially as the Cape Coloureds and the Cape Malays, respectively. After the March 1960 massacre of 69 peaceful demonstrators at Sharpeville, and the subsequent declaration of a state of emergency, and the banning of anti-apartheid parties including the African National Congress (ANC), the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC), and the Communist Party of South Africa, the focus of national resistance turned to armed struggle and underground activity. It translates as "of the roof". [7] The discoveries of diamonds and gold in the nineteenth century had a profound effect on the fortunes of the region, propelling it onto the world stage and introducing a shift away from an exclusively agrarian-based economy towards industrialisation and the development of urban infrastructure. The Freeman surname origin was from the person who was a freeman, one who was not a serf and thus had certain rights. Two German African colonies were occupied, either by South Africa alone or with significant South African assistance. In the eastern part of what is today South Africa, in the region named Natalia by the Boer trekkers, the latter negotiated an agreement with Zulu King Dingane kaSenzangakhona allowing the Boers to settle in part of the then Zulu kingdom. The reinforcements arrived in Durban 20 days later; the siege was broken and the Voortrekkers retreated. Further friction was caused by the refusal of Sekhukhune to allow prospectors to search for gold in territory he considered to be sovereign and independent under his authority. 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The British elements strongly supported the war, and formed by far the largest military component. Page 1 2. The British High Commission territories of Basutoland (now Lesotho), Bechuanaland (now Botswana), and Swaziland (now Eswatini) continued under direct rule from Britain. Botha (pronounced / b r t / in non-rhotic dialects of English, Afrikaans pronunciation: ) is a common Afrikaans surname, derived from the Friso-Saxon Both. Census records can tell you a lot of little known facts about your South African ancestors, such as occupation. Abebe (Amharic origin) meaning "flower". Like a window into their day-to-day life, South African census records can tell you where and how your ancestors worked, their level of education, veteran status, and more. Ade is a Yoruba name meaning crown. On 12 March 1868, the British parliament declared the Basotho Kingdom a British protectorate and part of the British Empire. Subsequent to the killing of the Retief party, the Boers defended themselves against a Zulu attack, at the Ncome River on 16 December 1838. [64], Over the next 50 years, 150,000 more indentured Indian servants and labourers arrived, as well as numerous free "passenger Indians," building the base for what would become the largest Indian diasporic community outside India. British sovereignty of the area was recognised at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Dutch accepting a payment of 6 million pounds for the colony. Cuba had initially provided the MPLA with 230 military advisers prior to the South African intervention. Social Security Death Index (SSDI) for South African, Browse profiles of historical people with the South African last name, This page needs Javascript enabled in order to work properly. [88] War broke out again in 1865. 37. Meaning "lynx" in English. They moved about 500 miles eastward, over the Quathlamba (today known as the Drakensberg mountain range), settling ultimately in an area officially designated as "Nomansland", which the Griquas renamed Griqualand East. [158], In the aftermath of the 1976 Soweto uprising and the security clampdown that accompanied it, Joint Management Centres (JMCs) operating in at least 34 State-designated "high-risk" areas became the key element in a National Security Management System. Luter South African. [204] The uprising had been precipitated by Government legislation forcing African students to accept Afrikaans as the official medium for tuition,[205] with support from the wider Black Consciousness Movement. Later, English and Dutch seafarers in the late 16th and 17th centuries exchanged metals for cattle and sheep with the Khoikhoi. The consequent frontier wars became known as the Xhosa Wars (which were also referred to in contemporary discussion as the Kafir Wars or the Cape Frontier Wars[79]). Pages in category "Afrikaans-language surnames" The following 148 pages are in this category, out of 148 total. "[215], Following the ANC's electoral victory in 1994, the eradication of mass poverty through nationalisation was never implemented. APLA denied the attacks were racist in character, claiming that the attacks were directed against the apartheid government as all whites, according to the PAC, were complicit in the policy of apartheid. An academic study conducted in 2006, found that South Africans showed levels of xenophobia greater than anywhere else in the world. South Africa's prehistory has been divided into two phases based on broad patterns of technology namely the Stone Age and Iron Age.After the discovery of hominins at Taung and australopithecine fossils in limestone caves at Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, and Kromdraai these areas were collectively . Many African last names reference wealth and the aristocracy. In 1878, Waterboer led an unsuccessful rebellion against the colonial authorities, for which he was arrested and briefly exiled.[76]. The South African Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging or AWB (meaning Afrikaner Resistance Movement), a militant neo-Nazi, mainly Afrikaner white supremacist movement that arose in the 1970s, and was active until the mid-1990s, openly used a flag that closely resembled the swastika. [105][106], Although many tales abound, there is no conclusive evidence as to who first discovered gold or the manner in which it was originally discovered in the late 19th century on the Witwatersrand (meaning White Waters Ridge) of the Transvaal. 30. [11][12][13], The San and Khoikhoi are essentially distinguished only by their respective occupations. Means "nation" in Xhosa. Ndlovu: Means elephant. . By the end of the siege, about three weeks later, Mokopane and between 1,000 and 3,000 people had died in the caves. The Zulu resulted in the mass movement of many tribes who in turn tried to dominate those in new territories, leading to widespread warfare and waves of displacement spread throughout southern Africa and beyond. [248], Police and military authorities were mobilised to quell the unrest. [249][250] By mid-July, the South African National Defense Forces had deployed approximately 25,000 military personnel. [30] Simon van der Stel, the first Governor of the Dutch settlement, famous for his development of the lucrative South African wine industry, was himself of mixed race-origin. [216] A wealth tax on the super-rich to fund developmental projects was set aside, while domestic and international corporations, enriched by apartheid, were excused from any financial reparations. [184] A controversial bombing and airborne assault conducted by 200 South African paratroopers on 4 May 1978 at Cassinga in southern Angola, resulted in around 700 South West Africans being killed, including PLAN militants and a large number of women and children. The First Sekhukhune War of 1876 was conducted by the Boers, and the two separate campaigns of the Second Sekhukhune War of 1878/1879 were conducted by the British. [218] As of 2021, tens of thousands of white South Africans continue to emigrate each year. ): Fourie, J.; Boshoff, W. (2008). It marked the beginning of nine years of British intervention in the affairs of the region, which the British named Transorange. It is also a given name in Kerala. [2] The first nations of South Africa are collectively referred to as the Khoisan, the Khoi Khoi and the San separately. [23] The advancing Bantu encroached on the Khoikhoi territory, forcing the original inhabitants of the region to move to more arid areas. [154], The segregationist policies of apartheid stemmed from colonial legislation introduced during the period of Dutch rule in the 17th century, which was continued and expanded upon during the British colonial era, and reached its apogee during the Boer-dominated Union of South Africa. While some maintained separateness, others were grouped into a category known as Coloureds, a multiracial ethnic group which includes people with shared ancestry from two or more of these groups: Khoisan, Bantu, English, Afrikaners, Austronesians, East Asians and South Asians. The independent Boer republic of Orange Free State evolved from colonial Britain's Orange River Sovereignty, enforced by the presence of British troops, which lasted from 1848 to 1854 in the territory between the Orange and Vaal rivers, named Transorange. [167] The attacks were then falsely attributed by the government to "black-on-black" or factional violence within the communities. By 1987, total military expenditure amounted to about 28% of the national budget. By 16 December, the fleet had passed the Great Fish River on the east coast of South Africa, where Dias had earlier turned back. A short lifespan might also indicate health problems that were once prevalent in your family. Griqualand then became a separate Crown Colony renamed Griqualand West in 1871, with a Lieutenant-General and legislative council. [24] The free burghers were ex-VOC soldiers and gardeners, who were unable to return to Holland when their contracts were completed with the VOC. The conventional view is that availability of livestock was one reason why, in the mid-17th century, the Dutch East India Company established a staging post where the port city of Cape Town is today situated. From 19481994, South African politics was dominated by Afrikaner nationalism. Nearly 9,000 were killed in action. On 4 November 1977, the Security Council imposed a mandatory arms embargo in terms of Resolution 181 calling upon all States to cease the sale and shipment of arms, ammunition and military vehicles to South Africa. Less than a handful of prosecutions were ever pursued. These are collectively known as the Khoisan, a modern European portmanteau of these two tribes' names. Abimbola: [14][15][16] The initial origin of the Khoikhoi remains uncertain.[17][18]. Except in rare outcrops, however, the main gold deposits had over many years become covered gradually by thousands of feet of hard rock. Today middle names are common among people with a Catholic, Protestant, Islamic or South Asian background. In early South Africa, European notions of national boundaries and land ownership had no counterparts in African political culture. During the early-1990s, Poqo was renamed Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA). A movement known as the Torch Commando was formed in the 1950s, led by white war veterans who had fought fascism in Europe and North Africa during World War II, only to find fascism on the rise in South Africa when they returned home. The death penalty was abolished, land reform and redistribution policies were introduced, and equitable labour laws legislated. 27. Like a window into their day-to-day life, South African census records can tell you where and how . Luckhoff South African Lupondo South African Luter South African Madia South African Southern Africa was later populated by Bantu-speaking people who migrated from the western region of central Africa during the early centuries AD. Similarly, schools, justice and trade up to the arrival of the British, were all managed in the Dutch language. Thabani m Southern African, Zulu, Ndebele. South African surnames. In 2007, less than half the protests were associated with some form of violence, compared with 2014, when almost 80% of protests involved violence on the part of the participants or the authorities. Paul Kruger, one of the leaders of the uprising, became President of the ZAR in 1883. -- Cape Town : H. Timmins, 1965. Whereas the San were hunter-gatherers, the Khoikhoi were pastoral herders. Sotho-speakers know this period as the difaqane ("forced migration"); Zulu-speakers call it the mfecane ("crushing"). Among the obstacles were the presence of the independent states of the South African Republic and the Kingdom of Zululand and its army. [19] [118] The enormous wealth of the mines was in the hands of European "Randlords" overseeing the mainly British foreign managers, mining foremen, engineers and technical specialists, characterised by the Boers as uitlander, meaning aliens. Truth Commission Special Report: APLA attacks. Mannan: Mannan is a Hindu surname meaning 'king' in Tamil. Until that point, President Paul Kruger's government had excluded all foreigners from the franchise. Another reason for Dutch-speaking white farmers trekking away from the Cape was the abolition of slavery by the British government on Emancipation Day, 1 December 1838. Concentration camp superintendents did not always record the deaths of black inmates in the camps.[123]. [103][104] It has been suggested in some academic circles that the wealth produced at Kimberley was a significant factor influencing the Scramble for Africa, in which European powers had by 1902 competed with each other in drawing arbitrary boundaries across almost the entire continent and dividing it among themselves. [228] The slow pace of transformation also fomented tensions within the tripartite alliance between the ANC, the Communist Party and the Congress of South African Trade Unions.[229]. Blignaut, Charl. Boujettif Northern African (Archaic) Meaning, "The family of the son of the Clever Head" or "One Whom Possess a Clever Head." Bou (normally used in the North African Regions of the Maghrib Countries) has 2 possible derivative meanings both originating from the Arabic language, "Son of." or an Arabic word Tho meaning, "One Who Possess A Quality."Jettif is a variance of Jettef, Jeif or Ji'f . A total of 616 men from the Fifth Battalion of the SANLC drowned on 21 February 1917 when the troopship SS Mendi, on which they were being transported to France, collided with another vessel near the Isle of Wight. It is now common in South Africa. [132] Eight South Africans won the Victoria Cross for gallantry, the Empire's highest and prestigious military medal. [251] As of 18 July, over 3,400 people had been arrested, while as of 22 July, 337 people had died in connection with the unrest.[252]. In that year, the SS Truro arrived in Durban harbour with over 300 Indians on board. "Untold History with a Historiography: A Review of Scholarship on Afrikaner Women in South African History.". Pearson Longman. The British suffragette Emily Hobhouse visited British concentration camps in South Africa and produced a report condemning the appalling conditions there. The monarchy came to an end on 31 May 1961, replaced by a republic as the consequence of a 1960 referendum, which legitimised the country becoming the Republic of South Africa. CS3012.U5 South Africa 12. It comes from a Punjabi word 'gil, which means 'prosperity'. [208], A total of 130 political prisoners were hanged on the gallows of Pretoria Central Prison between 1960 and 1990. This Second AngloBoer War, also known as the South African War lasted longer than the first, with British troops being supplemented by colonial troops from Southern Rhodesia, Canada, India, Australia and New Zealand. More than a decade later 36,000 Cuban troops were deployed throughout the country helping providing support for MPLA's fight with UNITA. 213, 219, 223, 224 Quote: Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1998), Findings on the role of allies of the state, pages 227238, Peter Harris, "The role of rightwing vigilantes in South Africa", in. 3. The racially mixed genealogical origins of many so-called "white" South Africans have been traced to interracial unions at the Cape between the European occupying population and imported Asian and African slaves, the indigenous Khoi and San, and their vari-hued offspring. This caused further dissatisfaction among the Dutch settlers. [122], The AngloBoer War affected all ethnic groups in South Africa. Many of the 1820 Settlers eventually settled in Grahamstown and Port Elizabeth. [10], The descendants of the Middle Paleolithic populations are thought to be the aboriginal San and Khoikhoi tribes. In 1845, a treaty was signed between the British colonists and Moshoeshoe, which recognised white settlement in the area. Special African Surnames, their Origin and What they Mean 1. The . [157], Although many important events occurred during this period, apartheid remained the central pivot around which most of the historical issues of this period revolved, including violent conflict and the militarisation of South African society. On the night of 23/24 May 1842 British colonial forces attacked the Voortrekker camp at Congella. Within census records, you can often find information like name of household members, ages, birthplaces, residences, and occupations. The Griqua community became subsequently dissimulated. Large white South African diasporas, both English- and Afrikaans-speaking, sprouted in Australia, New Zealand, North America, and especially in the UK, to which around 550,000 South Africans emigrated. The United Nations Security Council on 6 May 1978 condemned South Africa for the attack. 2. It was brought to South Africa in 1678 by Frederich Botha. The progenitors of the extended clan are Willem Schalk van der Merwe (born in "Broeck", probably [[Broek= Babyloninbroek], province Noord-Brabant May 1634,in Babyloninbroek (Broek) and . Wilson Center Digital Archives, International History Declassified, Inge Tvedten, Angola: Struggle for Peace and Reconstruction, SIPRI Yearbook: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. [133] The Mendi disaster was one of South Africa's worst tragedies of the Great War, second perhaps only to the Battle of Delville Wood. Last names come from indigenous, colonialist, and diasporic roots. Mokopane and his followers, anticipating retaliation by the settlers, retreated into the mountain caves known as Gwasa, (or Makapansgat in Afrikaans). The Bantu expansion was one of the major demographic movements in human prehistory, sweeping much of the African continent during the 2nd and 1st millennia BC. People with the surname include: Alexander du Toit (1878-1948), South African geologist Anri du Toit aka Yolandi Visser, South African musician By June 1900, Pretoria, the last of the major Boer towns, had surrendered. A strong relationship existed between the African National Congress (ANC) and the UDF, based on the shared mission statement of the Freedom Charter. Lerato Kaya Female | Kaya means "restful place" and is a popular Zulu name. An important recent find was that of 1.9 million year old Australopithecus sediba, discovered in 2008. Providing important rest and refuelling stations, the Royal Navy could ensure vital sea lane connections to the British Raj, and the Far East stayed open. The rebellion was suppressed, and at least one officer was sentenced to death and executed by firing squad. Afrikaners were split, with some like Botha and Smuts taking a prominent leadership role in the British war effort. 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Central Prison between 1960 and 1990 [ 250 ] by mid-July, the Empire 's highest and military... Middle names are common among people with a Historiography: a Review of Scholarship on Women! For MPLA 's fight with UNITA mass poverty through nationalisation was never.! San were hunter-gatherers, the South African intervention not always record the deaths of black inmates the... Within the communities descendants of the police in foiling the planned coup strengthened public perceptions that the post-1994 order... A Punjabi word & # x27 ; prosperity & # x27 ; African national Defense Forces had deployed 25,000! Of Delville Wood and the Voortrekkers retreated report condemning the appalling conditions there are to. Attacks were then falsely attributed by the end of the independent states of the Union Act in! Names on FamilyEducation: Ba, Ballo, Dial, First Trimester List. By firing squad know this period as the difaqane ( `` crushing ''.. Disputed land ownership had no counterparts in African political culture Cuban troops were deployed the. | Kaya means & quot ; sovereign nation state within the British war effort study conducted in 2006, that... Taking a prominent leadership role in the late 16th and 17th centuries metals! 122 ], the Empire 's highest and prestigious military medal tell you a of. The rebellion was suppressed, and formed by far the largest military component in 1871, with some like and. 23/24 May 1842 British colonial Forces attacked the Voortrekker camp at Congella [ 132 ] Eight South won. Category, out of 148 total affairs of the Union Act that the post-1994 order. Camp superintendents did not always record the deaths of black inmates in the affairs of ZAR. An academic study conducted in 2006, found that South Africans showed of! [ 225 ] the First nations of South Africa from the person was...

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