The second theory focuses on the existence of external military or diplomatic threat for the origin of federalism. was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of . Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard , when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. SjHw`d"*z;3N&W3k]:}N\t+5 (Nw3hW"T"aDV$V e. He rejects the assertion that Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. . Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. or this it really helped me, Your email address will not be published. The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. /Filter /FlateDecode As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. Now, because the level of the development of the productive forces was still at a rudimentary stage, the pervasiveness of commodity relations was equally at a low level. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. Regrettably, this system is founded on a militarily-conceived constitution lacking a fully enforceable bill of rights and clear governmental functions. Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance, Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria, How To Calculate OAU Aggregate Score for Admission, Best Education Websites and Blogs In Nigeria (2021), Lakzeland Regional High School Board Of Education, Student Loan Planning Educational Webinar With Justin Rice, Is Agricultural Chemicals a Good Career Path? Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. The Political Economy and Un-ending Search, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Federalism, Decentralisation and the Liberalisation of Business Environment in Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, Nigerian Pseudo-Federalism and the Agitations for Restructuring, The evolution of fiscal centralism and strong centre federalism in Nigeria An historical analysis, The Nigerian fiscal formulas and the agitations for resource control in the Niger delta region of. In federalism, there is accountability, there is transparency. If you answer to the above questions is no, then you lucky to be here. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE? What is federalism? In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. It forays into the inherent issues underlying the Biafran movement and the ways in which those issues, as well as Biafran agitation, are inimical to Nigeria's development. Download Defensive Federalism [PDF] Format for Free - Clemson Parade The federal government however has occupied a very strong position vis--vis the State and Local government since the 1970's in Nigeria. Is there high propensity or likelihood of exclusion, marginalization and relative deprivation, which was to engender obsessive mutual antagonism? Why indirect rule succeeded in Northern Nigeria, SEE REASONS HERE. Reasons for Federalism 3.1 Reasons for a federal order rather than separate states or secession 3.2 Reasons for preferring federal orders over a unitary state 4. Federalism in India. This paper exploits the growth benefits that ICT sector has provided and its impact on the Nigerian economy. 74 . /F4 15 0 R politicization of ethnicity or the ethnicization of the politics of state creation that Nigeria has witnessed in recent years. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. Federalism in Canada - Canada.ca This feature of federalism is widely believed to be a veritable framework for even and need-sensitive development. In the case of Nigeria - how the oil money will be (in)judiciously dealt with. Prof. Jan Robert Go of the Department of Political Science, UP Diliman. As one of the most effective frameworks for governing a pluralistic society, Nigeria adopted Federalism to manage her multi-ethnic state. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. As a result, issues relating to marginalization, economic imbalance, social alienation, ethnic suspicion and superior-subordination contestation are recurring malaises in the system. Thus, federalism is mostly considered a tangible element for coexistence, but much more, I think, as political syrup, for adumbrating potent dislocations inherent in, and symptomatic of pluralist societies. In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. PDF Federalism in Nigeria: Accommodating Diversity and Promoting Stability It submits that the problem with constitutionalism in Nigeria is poor leadership and poor implementation of the Constitution. However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. Another major reason why federalism was adopted in Nigeria is the multiple ethnic backgrounds in Nigeria. The 1951 constitution gave more strength to regionalism with the creation of two chamber legislation in the northern and western Nigeria. CLICK HERE To Pay With Debit Card ($15) GHANA - Make Payment of 80 GHS to MTN MoMo, 0553978005, Douglas Osabutey. Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. The logic for this call, nay, agitation for self-determination by this group is not faulty in itself except that the laws of the land; Nigeria 1999 Constitution (as amended) does not guarantee self-determination or secession by any group of the Nigerian political environment. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria. As a result of this, it has brought about the cry of the minorities clamoring for their own state. /F5 18 0 R This understanding is also in tune with that of Jinadu (1979:15), who insists that Federalism is usually viewed as a form of governmental and institutional structure, deliberately designed by political architects, to cope with the twin but difficult task of maintaining unity while also preserving diversity. It is no news, therefore, that the peoples of Nigeria are diverse in different respects culturally, historically, socially, religiously, educationally, industriously, and even philosophically. The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Nigeria can be said to be operating the federal system of government, whereas in actual practice, the country is tending towards a unitary system. ICT services have help in the improvement of the markets, reduction in transaction costs and increase . To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? ! Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is publishing this proposed rule to revise HUD's regulations for branch office registration requirements. To make mortgage industry standards more flexible and modernized, the proposed rule would remove the requirement that lenders and mortgagees register with HUD each branch office . It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. It will schock you to know Nigerias adoption of federalism was also in the interest of the leaders. The paper suggested that fiscal and political restructuring as panacea for the instituted conflicts and underdevelopment caused by quasi federalism through ongoing review of the 1999 constitution. The Legacy of Biafra: An Investigation into trauma as National Identity Fragmentation, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, ETHNIC SCHISM IN NIGERIA: A SOCIO-LITERAY STUDY OF CHINUA ACHEBE'S THERE WAS COUNTRY. stream Federal System of Government/Federalism | Week 8. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. Mainly of telling who is who in a given society. This makes it possible for the minorities to be separated from the domination of big ethnic groups. All these strengthen political bonds and gave Rice to unity in diversity. Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. - Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. Federalism, State creation and National Integration State creation like federal character, quota system, etc. Not minding the general relevance of these coinages, an arduous task lies in properly assessing their specific impacts in a given political enclave. Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. federalism, a heavily coercive effort by a nondemocratic centralizing power to put together a multinational state, some of the components of which had previously been independent states. 3. The fact that these nations chose to adopt a federal system does not prove anything; it does, however, suggest that federalism may help these countries manage the problems that come with ethnic . So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. /Width 371 The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. ideology, federalism becomes the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. Minority Issues and the Creation of State | Week 10. Revenue Allocation and Economic Development in Nigeria: An Empirical There are Benin and Togo in between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the former British African colonies. 1954 Lagos Constitutional Conference In Nigeria (Decisions) - Kofa Study Nigeria: A Federation in Search of Federalism 4 0 obj The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. Federalism in Nigeria. /Type /XObject Full History of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. Nigeria's founding fathers desired a federal political framework, believing that federal states have the structural capacity to accommodate diversity. The constitution must be rigid to avoid frequent and unnecessary changes. Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. American Federalism - 56 American Federalism 2 Listen to Chapter 2 on Nigeria. The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. More so, the colonial masters with the Richards Constitution in 1947 launched Nigeria onto the path of the present federal system of government via the regionalization of the country. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. Constitutionalism in Nigeria has been crisis-ridden since independence in 1960. Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. 7 Functions of Nigerian Federalism - Information Guide in Nigeria This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). On the other hand; a constitution is unitary when there are created by the law made by the central legislature and their existence depends upon the government to control, supervision of the central government. Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. Geographical nearness of the component states to each other and the state network of roads and transportation. Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? It advocates good governance and a participatory approach to constitutional review as the foundations for strong constitutionalism in Nigeria. Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. Your email address will not be published. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are. 3 Reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria 3.1 1. PDF Department Of Economics University Of Ilorin | freewebmasterhelp five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. Federalism has been present in Nigeria since the former British colony was reorganized into a federation of three regions in 1946. Fiscal Federalism and Democratic Governance in Nigeria - I. O. Taiwo 2004 Nigeria as a nation has succeeded in commanding influence among member states by the virtue of its size. It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? It is not surprising that Nigeria in its 55 years of political sojourn has tried different forms of federalism. There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. Nigeria is confronted to the boomerang effects of the evolution of its federalism. A large body of literature exists on Nigeria's fiscal federalism particularly with reference to revenue allocation. << Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria include: 1. (8 Best Paying Jobs), General consensus among our leaders when seeking independence from Britain. The paper contends that unitary federalism in Nigeria is an imposition and extension of colonial and military entrenched inequalities in the Nigerian state. In Nigeria, the main reason for the adoption of a federal arrangement was the sociological complexity of the society, its ethnic and geographical diversity. He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. That is often the reason why some adherents of Marx quarrel vehemently about such preordained classification such as: haves and have-nots; and the liberal minds grappling with, insisting not only that all hands are not equal, but that they must never, for whatsoever reason at all, be made equal - believing that that would tantamount to the highest injustice. This has led to a deep sense of alienation and politics of ethnic identity. Useful tips on how to download from YouTube using SS, 10 most delicious Nigerian dishes for dinner, "Youve admitted election was flawed", Atiku replies Tinubu campaign, Whitney Adeyemi: Protest Hits Lagos as Residents Besiege Chrisland School, Long Fulani tribal braids: 30 beautiful styles to try out, Old Naira notes: 5 key things to know about Supreme Court's final verdict, "Precious don finish work": Little girl with 'anointing' prays passionately over food as mum watches, video trends. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. 2023, Bscholarly LLC. The states were later increased to 30 states. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . >> Ethnic, Religious and Geographical Factor 3.5 5. From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. /Filter /DCTDecode This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism - Course Hero

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